Posts Tagged Learning
Visual Intelligence: How We Create What We See
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“Don Hoffman . . . combines a deep understanding of the logic of perception, a gift for explaining it with simple displays that anyone can-quite literally-see, and a refreshing sense of wonder at the miracle of it all.”–Steven Pinker, author of How the Mind Works Cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman’s exploration of the extraordinary creative genius of the mind’s eye “has many virtues, of which sheer intellectual excitement is the foremost” (Nature). Hoffman explains that far from being a passive recorder of a preexisting world, the eye actively constructs every aspect of our visual experience. In an informal style replete with illustrations, Hoffman presents the compelling scientific evidence for vision’s constructive powers, unveiling a grammar of vision – a set of rules that govern our perception of line, color, form, depth, and motion. Hoffman also describes the loss of these constructive powers in patients such as an artist who can no longer see or dream in color and a man who sees his father as an impostor. Finally, Hoffman explores the spinoffs of visual intelligence in the arts and technology, from film special effects to virtual reality. This is, in sum, “an outstanding example of creative popular science” (Publishers Weekly). 20 full-color and 130 black-and-white illustrationsVisual intelligence, cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman writes, is the power that people use to “construct an experience of objects out of colors, lines, and motions.” And what an underappreciated ability it is, too; despite the fact that the visual process uses up a considerable chunk of our brainpower, we’re only just learning how it works. Hoffman aptly demonstrates the mysterious constructive powers of our eye-brain machines using lots of simple drawings and diagrams to illustrate basic rules of the visual road. Many of the examples are familiar optical illusions–perspective-confounding cubes, a few lines that add up to a more complex shape than seems right. Hoffman also takes a cue from Oliver Sacks, employing anecdotes about people with various specific visual malfunctions to both further his mechanical explanation of visual intelligence and drive home how important this little-understood aspect of cognition can be in our lives. An especially intriguing example involves a boy, blind from birth, who is surgically given the power to see. At first, he is completely unable to visually distinguish objects familiar by touch, such as the cat and the dog. Other poignant examples show clearly how image construction is normally linked to our emotional well-being and sense of place. Visual Intelligence is a fascinating, confounding look (as it were) at an aspect of human physiology and psychology that very few of us think about much at all. –Therese Littleton
Tags: Color, Colors, D Psy, D Psychology, Learning, Patients, perception, Psych, Psychology, Science, TheoriesRelated posts
Introduction to Learning and Behavior Reviews
Designed to apply learning theory and principles to the presentation of learning, this text shows how learning principles work in both animals and people. Throughout the book, the authors show how the study of learning helps solve practical problems, such as improving study skills, improving relationships, raising children, and effectively stopping smoking. This book is both solidly based in research and engaging for the student. To help ensure that students understand the materials, the authors strategically include multiple opportunities for review and self-testing within the text.
Tags: Behavior, Child, Learning, learning theoryRelated posts
Control Theory for Humans: Quantitative Approaches To Modeling Performance Reviews
This textbook provides a tutorial introduction to behavioral applications of control theory. Control theory describes the information one should be sensitive to and the pattern of influence that one should exert on a dynamic system in order to achieve a goal. As such, it is applicable to various forms of dynamic behavior. The book primarily deals with manual control (e.g., moving the cursor on a computer screen, lifting an object, hitting a ball, driving a car), both as a substantive area of study and as a useful perspective for approaching control theory. It is the experience of the authors that by imagining themselves as part of a manual control system, students are better able to learn numerous concepts in this field.
Topics include varieties of control theory, such as classical, optimal, fuzzy, adaptive, and learning control, as well as perception and decision making in dynamic contexts. The authors also discuss implications of control theory for how experiments can be conducted in the behavioral sciences. In each of these areas they have provided brief essays intended to convey key concepts that enable the reader to more easily pursue additional readings. Behavioral scientists teaching control courses will be very interested in this book.
Tags: Behavior, Course, Courses, Learning, perception, ScienceRelated posts
Positive Psychology: Theory, Research and Applications
Discover the latest research findings and thinking on the topics of happiness, flow, optimism, motivation, character strengths, love and more! Find out how one’s happiness levels can be increased, what stops us from flourishing and how positive psychology can be applied to many professional disciplines. This textbook combines a breadth of information about positive psychology with reflective questions and critical commentary. Not your usual textbook, it is written in a witty, engaging and contemporary manner accessible to many. Each chapter is enhanced by the following pedagogical features: Learning objectives; End of chapter summaries; Discussion questions; Personal Development Interventions questions; Further reading; and, Web links. “Positive Psychology” provides the most comprehensive European alternative to the US texts for both undergraduates and postgraduates in this field. As well as being an ideal course text for undergraduate modules in Positive Psychology, it will also be of interest to students of applied, coaching and sports psychology, as well as psychologists, coaches, counsellors and researchers interested in this burgeoning field.
Tags: Course, development interventions, Happiness, happiness levels, Learning, Objective, Optimism, positive psychology, professional disciplines, Psych, Psychologist, Psychologists, Psychology, psychology theory, sports psychologyRelated posts